A Beginner's Guide to Carnival Glass: Understanding the Basics
New to carnival glass? This article covers the history, common colors, manufacturing processes, and basic identifying features to get you started on your collecting journey.
What is Carnival Glass?
Carnival glass isn’t actually used in carnival games! It’s a type of pressed glass manufactured primarily between 1903 and 1930. It’s characterized by its iridescent surface, achieved through a unique manufacturing process that creates a dazzling, rainbow-like effect. While primarily an American phenomenon, smaller amounts were also produced in Europe, particularly in England and Germany.
A Brief History
The rise of carnival glass coincided with the popularity of amusement parks and carnivals in the early 20th century. Companies like Fenton, Northwood, Imperial, and Dugan capitalized on this burgeoning leisure culture, producing attractive and affordable glassware that became a common prize at carnival games and a popular item for sale. The relatively low production cost made it accessible to a wide range of consumers, contributing to its widespread appeal.
The Manufacturing Process: How is that Iridescence Achieved?
The secret to carnival glass’s alluring iridescence lies in the application of metallic salts to the glass during the cooling process. After the glass is pressed into its shape, it’s sprayed with a mixture of metallic oxides, most commonly cobalt and gold. This mixture adheres to the surface and, as the glass cools, it “marbles” into the glass, creating the shimmering effect. The exact process varied between manufacturers, which accounts for the subtle differences in the iridescence observed in different pieces.
Common Colors and Patterns
Carnival glass was produced in a wide range of colors, each with its own unique character. Here are some of the most commonly encountered:
- Peachblow: Considered the most desirable and often the most valuable. This color is characterized by a warm, peach-orange base with a reddish iridescence.
- Butter Yellow: A softer, buttery yellow with a subtle iridescence.
- Vaseline: Also known as Uranium Glass. It glows under a black light due to the presence of uranium oxide.
- Cobalt Blue: A deep, rich blue color.
- Marigold: A warm orange-yellow color.
- Green: Various shades of green were also produced.
Patterns are equally diverse, ranging from floral designs (like "Rose" and "Powder Puff") to geometric patterns ("Diamond") and animal motifs. Identifying the pattern is crucial for accurate cataloging and value assessment.
Basic Identifying Features
- Pressed Glass: Carnival glass is always pressed glass, meaning it’s made by forcing molten glass into a mold.
- Iridescence: The signature rainbow sheen is the most defining characteristic.
- Mold Lines: Look for faint lines on the surface – these are the remnants of the mold.
- Manufacturer Marks: While not always present, some pieces are marked with the manufacturer's logo or name.
Getting Started with Collecting
Collecting carnival glass can be a rewarding hobby. Start by researching the different manufacturers and patterns. Visit antique shops, flea markets, and online auctions. Don’t be afraid to ask questions and learn from experienced collectors. Most importantly, enjoy the beauty and history of this fascinating form of American glass.
